Toronto frost dates and planting season

Name: Toronto
Address: Ontario, Canada

When to plant vegetables here. Cover calendars (fleece, cold frame, unheated greenhouse) are on each plant’s when-to-plant page.

Toronto has a moderate growing season, with roughly 174 frost-free days between the typical frost dates. Typical last spring frost: around May 9 (half of years later). Typical first fall frost: around October 31. Plant cool-season crops after about April 27; wait until about May 18 for warm-season crops.

Frost-free days174May 9 – Oct 31

Frost-free season in Toronto. Based on average frost dates. Adjust a week or two for your conditions.

Cover calendars (fleece, cold frame, unheated greenhouse) live on each crop’s when-to-plant page.

Weekly possible temperature−22 – 32 °C

Frost-free days174

Typical last spring frostMay 9

Typical first fall frostOctober 31

Days suitable for warm-season vegetables147 (May 18 – October 11)

Days suitable for cool-season vegetables203 (April 27 – November 15)

Calculated by Plan & Plant · Method · Data 2019–2026

Frost and suitability dates are typical figures from climate statistics. Microclimates vary; they are not a guarantee.

Frost dates calculated by Plan & Plant from Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0). Local frost pockets, valleys and coastal sites can differ by 1–3 weeks.

How we calculated this

Data: ERA5-Land via Open-Meteo, cell 43.70, -79.40, years 2019–2026 (not a 30-year climate normal yet).
Typical and safer dates: Typical last frost is the date after which half of winters in this sample had no more frost; safer is later in the sample so fewer winters still frosted.
Confidence: Provisional — short or thin sample for this place.
Full methodology (algorithm 2026-10-season-6).

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What to plant when

Cool-season vegetables

Earliest outdoor start: April 27

Suitable window: April 27 – November 15

Cool-season crops prefer cooler weather.

See cool-season details

Warm-season vegetables

Earliest outdoor start: May 18

Suitable window: May 18 – October 11

Warm-season crops need mild or warm weather and cannot take frost.

Frost kills these crops, and cold snaps set them back.

See warm-season details

Green = usually good weeks to grow; blue or gray = usually too cold for that crop type.

Starter plants for Toronto

Cool-season

Radish Sow: March 28 – September 29 Planting dates
Arugula Sow: March 28 – September 16 Planting dates
Spinach Sow: March 28 – September 9 Planting dates
Lettuce Sow: March 28 – September 4 Planting dates
Kale Sow: March 28 – May 22 Planting dates
Beet Sow: April 11 – August 2 Planting dates

Warm-season

Zucchini Sow: June 2 – July 20 Planting dates
Cucumber Sow: June 2 – July 15 Planting dates
Green bean Sow: May 28 – July 24 Planting dates
Tomato Transplant: May 26 – June 25 Start indoors, then transplant. Planting dates
Bell pepper Transplant: June 2 – June 20 Start indoors, then transplant. Planting dates

How these dates are judged

Last frost: The typical last spring date when frost is still expected.
First frost: The typical first fall date when frost returns.
Frost-free days: The approximate days between those two dates.
Cool-season vegetables: Crops that prefer cooler weather, such as lettuce, kale, peas, and radish.
Warm-season vegetables: Crops that need warm weather and cannot take frost, such as tomato, pepper, squash, and beans.

Cool-season planting window

Apr 27 – Nov 15 (203 days)

Warm-season planting window

May 18 – Oct 11 (147 days)

Usually too cold

January 1 – April 26
November 16 – December 31

Weekly temperatures and planting windows

Temperatures across the year for Toronto, with cool- and warm-season weeks and frost dates.

Possible min to max
Average min to max
Suitable
Tolerable
Too cold
Too hot

Selected week · tap a week or use the arrows

Week 18 · Apr 27 – May 3

Average 6 to 12 °C · Possible −0 to 23 °C

Cool season: suitable

Warm season: too cold

A week is suitable for a crop type when its average low and high sit inside that type's range and its possible readings stay within the frost and heat limits (cool: −2 °C to 27 °C, warm: 0 °C to 32 °C); crossing a limit makes it tolerable, and for warm crops any chance of frost makes it too cold.

Based on average frost dates.

Ontario, Canada · 43.7, -79.4 · 2026

Coldest weekly possible temperature−22 °C

Hottest weekly possible temperature32 °C

Last expected spring frostMay 9

First expected fall frostOctober 31

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